January 25, the UN Commission of Inquiry (CoI) found that the Government of Sudan (GoS) and Janjaweed militias were responsible for serious violations in Darfur that may amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity and recommended that the United Nations Security Council refers the situation in Darfur to the International Criminal Court.
March 31, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) refers the situation in Darfur to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC). Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, the UNSC decided to refer the situation in Darfur to the ICC.
In June 2005, the ICC opened an investigation on alleged genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in the region. This was the first ICC investigation on the territory of a non-State Party to the ICC Statute.